The Debatable Land Read online

  Keith, Rev. Robert. History of the Affairs of Church and State in Scotland. 3 vols. Edinburgh: Spottiswoode Society, 1845.

  King, Andy and Michael Penman. England and Scotland in the Fourteenth Century: New Perspectives. Woodbridge: Boydell, 2007.

  Lang, Andrew and John. Highways and Byways in The Border. London: Macmillan, 1913.

  Leeson, Peter T. ‘The Laws of Lawlessness’. The Journal of Legal Studies, XXXVIII, 2 (June 2009), pp. 471–503.

  Leland, John. The Itinerary of John Leland the Antiquary. Ed. T. Hearne. Vol. VII. Oxford University Press, 1710.

  Lemon, Robert, et al., eds. Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, of the Reigns of Edward VI, Mary, Elizabeth, 1547–1580, Preserved in the State Paper Department of Her Majesty’s Public Record Office.7 vols. London: Longman, 1856–71.

  Lesley, John. De Origine, Moribus & Rebus gestis Scotorum. 1578. London: Robert Boulter, 1677.

  Lesley, J. The Historie of Scotland. Tr. J. Dalrymple (1596). Ed. E. G. Cody. 2 vols. Edinburgh and London: Blackwood, 1888–95.

  Livingstone, Matthew, et al., eds. Registrum secreti sigilli regum Scotorum. The Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland. 8 vols. Edinburgh: H. M. General Register House, 1908–82.

  Lockhart, John Gibson. Memoirs of the Life of Sir Walter Scott, Bart. Vol. I. Edinburgh: Robert Cadell; London: John Murray and Whittaker, 1837.

  Lowther, C., R. Fallow and P. Manson. ‘Account of a Journey into Scotland, 1629’. The Scottish Antiquary or Northern Notes and Queries, IX, 36 (1895), pp. 174–80.

  Luders, Alexander, et al., eds. The Statutes of the Realm: Printed by Command of His Majesty King George the Third. 12 vols. London: Eyre and Strahan, 1810–28.

  Lysons, Rev. Daniel and Samuel Lysons. Magna Britannia. Vol. IV. Cumberland. London: Cadell and Davies, 1816.

  McIntire, W. T. ‘The Fords of the Solway’. Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society, new series, XXXIX (1939), pp. 152–70.

  Mack, James Logan. The Border Line from the Solway Firth to the North Sea, Along the Marches of Scotland and England. Rev. ed. Edinburgh and London: Oliver & Boyd, 1926.

  Mackay MacKenzie, W. ‘The Debateable Land’. Scottish Historical Review, XXX, 110, 2 (October 1951), pp. 109–25.

  Mackie, Charles. The Castles of Mary, Queen of Scots. 3rd ed. London: Thomas Tegg & Son; Glasgow: Richard Griffin & Co., 1835.

  McMurtry, Larry. Lonesome Dove. 1985; London: Pan Books, 2011.

  Macpherson, Robin G. Francis Stewart, 5th Earl Bothwell, c. 1562–1612: Lordship and Politics in Jacobean Scotland. Doctoral thesis. University of Edinburgh, 1998.

  McRae, Andrew. God Speed the Plough: The Representation of Agrarian England, 1500–1660. Cambridge University Press, 1996.

  Maitland, Richard. The Poems of Sir Richard Maitland of Lethingtoun, Knight. Glasgow: The Maitland Club, 1830.

  Maitland, William. The History and Antiquities of Scotland, from the Earliest Account of Time to the Death of James the First.2 vols. London: A. Millar, 1757.

  Major, John. Historia maioris Britanniae, tam Angliae quam Scotiae. Paris: Josse Badius, 1521.

  Major, J. A History of Greater Britain, as well England as Scotland. Tr. A. Constable. Edinburgh: T. and A. Constable, 1892.

  Malone, Kemp. ‘The Historicity of Arthur’. The Journal of English and Germanic Philology, XXIII, 4 (1924), pp. 463–91.

  Margary, Ivan D. Roman Roads in Britain. 3rd ed. London: Baker, 1973.

  Masson, David and P. Hume Brown, eds. The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland. 2nd series. 8 vols. Edinburgh: H. M. General Register House, 1899–1908.

  Maxwell, G. S. ‘Two Inscribed Roman Stones and Architectural Fragments from Scotland’. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, CXIII (1983), pp. 379–90.

  Maxwell, John, Lord Herries. Historical Memoirs of the Reign of Mary Queen of Scots. Ed. R. Pitcairn. Edinburgh: n. p., 1836.

  Maxwell-Irving, Alastair. The Border Towers of Scotland. 2 vols. Blairlogie: n. p., 2000–2014.

  Meikle, Maureen M. The Scottish People, 1490–1625. N. p.: Lulu.com, 2013.

  Monnipennie, John. Certaine Matters Composed Together. Edinburgh: Robert Waldegrave, 1594 (?).

  Mordant, John. The Complete Steward, or The Duty of a Steward to His Lord. 2 vols. London: Sandby, 1761.

  Morgan, Ailig Peadar. Ethnonyms in the Place-Names of Scotland and the Border Counties of England. Doctoral thesis. University of St Andrews, 2013.

  Moss, Tom. ‘Border-Reivers-William-Armstrong-of-Sorbietrees-Liddesdale-An Untimely Death’. https://wwwborderreiverstories-neblessclem.blogspot.co.uk/­2013/01/history-of-scotland-william-armstrong.xhtml (2013; accessed 2017).

  Moysie, David. Memoirs of the Affairs of Scotland, MDLXXVII – MDCIII. Edinburgh: The Maitland Club, 1830.

  Murray, J. A. H. ‘The History and Antiquities of Hermitage’. Transactions of the Hawick Archaeological Society, 1863, pp. 30–33.

  Nennius (?). The Historia Brittonum. Ed. D. N. Dumville. Cambridge: Brewer, 1985.

  Neville, Cynthia. Violence, Custom and Law: The Anglo-Scottish Border Lands in the Later Middle Ages. Edinburgh University Press, 1998.

  Nicolson, Joseph and Richard Burn. The History and Antiquities of the Counties of Westmorland and Cumberland. 2 vols. London: Strahan and Cadell, 1777.

  Nicolson, William. Leges Marchiarum or Border-Laws, Containing several Original Articles and Treaties, Made and agreed upon by the Commissioners of the respective Kings of England and Scotland, for the Better Preservation of Peace and Commerce upon the Marches of both Kingdoms. 1705; London: Printed for Hamilton and Balfour, Edinburgh, 1747.

  Nitze, William A. ‘More on the Arthuriana of Nennius’. Modern Language Notes, LVIII, 1 (1943), pp. 1–8.

  Nitze, W. A. ‘Arthurian Names’. PMLA, LXIV, 3 (1949), pp. 585–96.

  Nitze, W. A. ‘Additional Note on Arthurian Names’. PMLA, LXV, 6 (1950), pp. 1287–8.

  Oliver, J. Rutherford. Upper Teviotdale and the Scotts of Buccleuch. Hawick: Kennedy, 1887.

  Oram, Richard. ‘Hermitage Castle: A Report on its History and Cultural Heritage Significance’. February 2012: http://www.gorrenberry.org.uk/­ROfinaldraft.pdf (accessed 2017).

  Padel, Oliver James. Cornish Place-Name Elements. Nottingham: English Place-Name Society, 1985.

  Padel, O. J. ‘The Nature of Arthur’. Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies, XXVII (1994), pp. 1–31.

  Padel, O. J. ‘Recent Work on the Origins of the Arthurian Legend’. Arthuriana, V, 3 (1995), pp. 103–14.

  Pease, Howard. The Lord Wardens of the Marches of England and Scotland. London: Constable, 1912.

  Pedley, Robert. The Brigantes: A Study in the Early History of the North Pennines. Doctoral thesis. Durham University, 1939.

  Pennant, Thomas. A Tour in Scotland and Voyage to the Hebrides, MDCCLXXII. Part I. 2nd ed. London: Benjamin White, 1776.

  Percy, Thomas. Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, Consisting of Old Heroic Ballads, Songs, and Other Pieces of Our Earlier Poets. 3 vols. Ed. H. B. Wheatley. London: Bickers and Son, 1876–7.

  Pitcairn, Robert. Ancient Criminal Trials of Scotland. 3 vols in 7 parts. Glasgow: The Maitland Club, 1833.

  Ptolemy. In hoc opere haec continentur Geographiae [sic] Cl. Ptolemaei. Rome: Bernardino dei Vitali, 1508.

  Ptolemy. Ptolemy’s Geography: An Annotated Translation of the Theoretical Chapters. Ed. J. Lennart-Berggren and A. Jones. Princeton University Press, 2000.

  Ptolemy. Klaudios Ptolemaios Handbuch der Geographie: griechisch–deutsch. 2 vols. Ed. A. Stückelberger and G. Grasshoff. Basel: Schwabe, 2006.

  Rackham, Oliver. Woodlands. London: Collins, 2006.

  Rae, Thomas I. The Administration of the Scottish Frontier, 1513–1603. Edinburgh University Press, 1966.

  Ratcliff, Garrett B. Scottish Augustinians: A Study of the Regular Canonical Movement in the Kingdom of Scotland, c. 1120–1215. Doctoral thesis. University of Edinburgh, 2012.

  Reid,
R. R. ‘The Office of Warden of the Marches: Its Origin and Early History’. The English Historical Review, XXXII, 128 (1917), pp. 479–96.

  Richmond, Ian A. ‘A New Roman Mountain-Road in Dumfriesshire and Roxburghshire’. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, LXXX (1945–6), pp. 103–17.

  Ridley, Nicholas (Bishop of London). The Works of Nicholas Ridley, D.D. Ed. H. Christmas. Cambridge University Press, 1841.

  Ridley, Nicholas (Baron Ridley of Liddesdale). ‘My Style of Government’: The Thatcher Years. London: Hutchinson, 1991.

  Ridpath, George. The Border-History of England & Scotland. New ed. Berwick: Richardson, 1810.

  Rivet, Albert Lionel Frederick and Kenneth Jackson. ‘The British Section of the Antonine Itinerary’. Britannia, I (1970), pp. 34–82.

  Rivet, A. L. F. and Colin Smith. The Place-Names of Roman Britain. London: Batsford, 1979.

  Roy, William. The Military Antiquities of the Romans in North Britain. London: W. Bulmer & Co., 1793. National Library of Scotland facsimile at: http://maps.nls.uk/roy/­antiquities/contents.xhtml (accessed 2017).

  Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts. The Manuscripts of the Earl of Westmorland, Captain Stewart, Lord Stafford, Lord Muncaster, and Others. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1885.

  Russell, Rev. C. W. and J. P. Prendergast, eds. Calendar of the State Papers Relating to Ireland, of the Reign of James I. 5 vols. London: Longman, 1872–80.

  Rutherford, J. The Southern Counties’ Register and Directory. Kelso: Rutherford, 1866. Rpt. Selkirk: Borders Regional Library, 1990.

  Rymer, Thomas, et al., eds. Foedera: conventiones, literæ, et cujuscunque generis acta publica. 2nd ed. 17 vols. London: J. Tonson, 1726–35.

  Sadler, Ralph. The State Papers and Letters of Sir Ralph Sadler, Knight-Banneret. 2 vols. Ed. A. Clifford. Edinburgh: Constable, 1809.

  Salisbury, Robert Cecil, et al., eds. Calendar of the Manuscripts of the Most Hon. the Marquis of Salisbury, K.G. . . . Preserved at Hatfield House, Hertfordshire. 24 vols. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1883–1976.

  Salway, Peter. Roman Britain. Oxford University Press, 1998.

  Sandford, Edmund. A Cursory Relation of All the Antiquities & Familyes in Cumberland . . . Circa 1675. Ed. R. S. Ferguson. Kendal: T. Wilson, 1890.

  Scott, Douglas. A Hawick Word Book. 2002–16 (version of 17 February 2017): http://www.astro.ubc.ca/­people/scott/book.pdf (accessed 2017).

  Scott, Walter. Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border: Consisting of Historical and Romantic Ballads, Collected in the Southern Counties of Scotland, with a Few of Modern Date, Founded upon Local Tradition. 2nd ed. 3 vols. Edinburgh: Ballantyne, 1803.

  Scott, W. Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border [etc.]. Vols I–III of The Works of Walter Scott. Edinburgh: Ballantyne, 1806.

  Scott, W. The Border Antiquities of England and Scotland, Comprising Specimens of Architecture and Sculpture, and Other Vestiges of Former Ages. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Constable; London: Longman, 1812–17.

  Scott, W. Guy Mannering. Ed. P. D. Garside. London: Penguin, 2003. (First published anonymously in 1815 as Guy Mannering, or The Astrologer.)

  Scott, W. The Journal of Sir Walter Scott, 1825–32, from the Original Manuscript at Abbotsford. Ed. D. Douglas. Edinburgh: Douglas & Foulis, 1927.

  Scott, W., ed. A Collection of Scarce and Valuable Tracts on the Most Interesting and Entertaining Subjects. 2nd ed. Vol. III. London: Cadell and Davies, 1810.

  Shakespeare, William. Richard II. Ed. A. B. Dawson and P. Yachnin. Oxford University Press, 2011.

  Shirley, Walter Waddington, ed. Royal and Other Historical Letters Illustrative of the Reign of Henry III, from the Originals in the Public Record Office. 2 vols. London: Longman, 1862–6.

  Shotter, David. ‘Numeri Barcariorum: A Note on RIB 601’. Britannia, IV (1973), pp. 206–9.

  Shotter, D. Romans and Britons in North-West England. 3rd ed. Lancaster: Centre for North-West Regional Studies, 2004.

  Sitwell, Brig. Gen. William. The Border From a Soldier’s Point of View. Newcastle: Andrew Reid & Co., 1927.

  Skene, William Forbes. ‘Notice of the Site of the Battle of Ardderyd or Arderyth’. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, VI (1868), pp. 91–8.

  Smith, J. Beverley. ‘England and Wales: The Conflict of Laws’. In M. Prestwich et al., eds. Thirteenth Century England, VII. Proceedings of the Durham Conference. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 1999. Pp. 189–206.

  Speidel, M. P. ‘The Chattan War, the Brigantian Revolt and the Loss of the Antonine Wall’. Britannia, XVIII (1987), pp. 233–7.

  Spence, R. T. ‘The Pacification of the Cumberland Borders, 1593–1628’. Northern History, XIII, 1 (1977), pp. 59–160.

  Spence, R. T. ‘The Graham Clans and Lands on the Eve of the Jacobean Pacification’. Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society, LXXX (1980), pp. 79–102.

  Spence, R. T. ‘The First Sir Richard Graham of Norton Conyers and Netherby, 1583–1653’. Northern History, XVI, 1 (1980), pp. 102–29.

  Spottiswood, John. The History of the Church of Scotland. 3rd ed. London: R. Norton, 1668.

  Stedman, John. ‘A very indifferent small city’: The Economy of Carlisle, 1550–1700. Doctoral thesis. University of Leicester, 1988.

  Stevenson, Joseph, et al., eds. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign Series, of the Reign of Elizabeth, Preserved in the State Paper Department of Her Majesty’s Public Record Office. 23 vols. London: Longman, 1863–1950.

  Stewart, Rory. ‘Rory Stewart Responds to Union Cairn Vandals’ (24 March 2015): http://www.rorystewart.co.uk/­rory-stewart-responds-to-union-cairn-vandals/ (accessed 2017).

  Stones, E. L. G. Anglo-Scottish Relations, 1174–1328: Some Selected Documents. London: Nelson, 1965.

  Strabo. The Geography of Strabo. 8 vols. Tr. H. L. Jones and J. R. S. Sterrett. London: Heinemann, 1954–61.

  Strahan, Andrew, et al. State Papers Published Under the Authority of His Majesty’s Commission: King Henry the Eighth. 11 vols. London: John Murray, 1830–52.

  Strang, Alastair. Ptolemy’s Geography Reappraised. Doctoral thesis. University of Nottingham, 1994.

  Strang, A. ‘Explaining Ptolemy’s Roman Britain’. Britannia, XXVIII (1997), pp. 1–30.

  Strang, A. ‘Recreating a Possible Flavian Map of Roman Britain with a Detailed Map for Scotland’. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, CXXVIII (1998), pp. 425–40.

  Strickland, Agnes. Lives of the Queens of Scotland and English Princesses. 8 vols. Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood, 1850–59.

  Strickland, T. J. and P. J. Davey, eds. New Evidence for Roman Chester: Material from the Chester Conference of November 1977. Liverpool: Institute of Extension Studies, 1978.

  Stukeley, William. ‘Iter Boreale’. In Itinerarium curiosum, or An Account of the Antiquities and Remarkable Curiosities in Nature or Art Observed in Travels Through Great Britain. Vol. II. London: Baker and Leigh, 1776.

  Tacitus, Cornelius. Tacitus in Five Volumes. Vol. I. Ed. M. Hutton et al. Harvard University Press, 1968.

  Thomson, Steven. Referendum 2014: How Rural Scotland Voted. Rural Policy Centre Research Report, October 2014: www.sruc.ac.uk/info/­120485/thriving_communities_archive/ (accessed 2017).

  Thomson, Thomas, ed. Inquisitionum ad Capellam Domini Regis retornatarum, quae in Publicis Archivis Scotiae. Vol. I. London: n. p., 1811.

  Thomson, T., et al., eds. The Acts of the Parliament of Scotland. 12 vols. Edinburgh: n. p., 1814–75.

  Thorpe, Markham John, ed. Calendar of the State Papers Relating to Scotland, Preserved in the State Paper Department of Her Majesty’s Public Record Office: The Scottish Series. 2 vols. London: Longman, 1858.

  Todd, John M. ‘The West March on the Anglo-Scottish Border in the Twelfth Century, and the Origins of the Western Debatable Land’. Northern History, XLIII, 1 (March 2006), pp. 11–19.

  Tomlin, R. S. O. and M. W. C. Hassall. ‘Roman Britain in 1998. II. Inscription
s’. Britannia, XXX (1999), pp. 375–86.

  Tough, D. L. W. The Last Years of a Frontier: A History of the Borders During the Reign of Elizabeth I.1928; Alnwick: Sandhill, 1987.

  Turnbull, William, ed. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign Series, of the Reign of Edward VI, 1547–1553, Preserved in the State Paper Department of Her Majesty’s Public Record Office. London: Longman, 1861.

  Vegetius. Epitoma rei militaris. Ed. M. D. Reeve. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2004.

  Vertot, René-Aubert, abbé de. Ambassades de Messieurs de Noailles en Angleterre. 5 vols. Leiden and Paris: Desaint & Saillant, 1763.

  Walpole, Hugh. Rogue Herries: A Novel. 1930. London: Frances Lincoln, 2008.

  Watson, George. The Roxburghshire Word-Book. Cambridge University Press, 1923.

  Watson, Godfrey. The Border Reivers. London: Hale, 1974; Newcastle upon Tyne: Northern Heritage, 2013.

  Watt, Francis. ‘The Border Law’. The New Review, 94 (March 1897), pp. 281–93.

  Webster, Bruce. ‘Anglo-Scottish Relations, 1296–1389: Some Recent Essays’. The Scottish Historical Review, LXXIV, 1 (1995), pp. 99–108.

  Whellan, William, ed. The History and Topography of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmorland. London: Whittaker and Co.; Manchester: Galt and Co., 1860.

  Williamson, George C. George, Third Earl of Cumberland (1558–1605): His Life and His Voyages. Cambridge University Press, 1920.

  Wilson, Allan. ‘Roman Penetration in Eastern Dumfriesshire and Beyond’. Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society. 3rd series, LXXIII (1999), pp. 17–62.

  Wilson, A. ‘Roman and Native in Dumfriesshire’. Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society. 3rd series, LXXVII (2003), pp. 103–60.

  Winchester, Angus. The Harvest of the Hills: Rural Life in Northern England and the Scottish Borders, 1400–1700. Edinburgh University Press, 2000.

  Winchester, A. Landscape and Society in Medieval Cumbria. Edinburgh: John Donald, 1987.

  Winkworth, Fay V. ‘Kirkandrews on Esk: Religious History’. Victoria County History of Cumbria Project. 2013: http://www.cumbriacountyhistory.org.uk/­sites/default/files/­Kirkandrews%20on%20Esk%20Religious%20History%20%28AW%29%20Feb%2013.pdf (accessed 2017).